Plantoleum is a word for "plant oil" derived from the combined Latin words
"planta" (plant) and "oleum" (oil).  Thus, "plantoleum" means "plant oil". 

This is in contrast to the word "petroleum" which is derived from the 
Latin words "petra" (rock) and "oleum" (oil) which means "rock oil". 

The distinction between "plantoleum" and "petroleum" is important since 
many different kinds of plant oils are now beginning to be used as fuels.